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Another potential takeaway is that the models all gathering around the same point supports the idea that there is a ceiling to LLM capability.


They always all gather around the same spot then that spot moves every 6-9 months. I think the clustering is more likely evidence of distillation. I don't personally think distillation is a bad thing. If the LLM providers can distill all of human output into their models for 'free'. I don't think distilling a model from the output of those models is morally wrong.


I think it's more likely to be the effect of synchronization of launches, and the fact that models that do not challenge SOTA in some way do not get launched (think Gemini Pro delays), launched quietly or do not get any attention.


I gathered that the most recent advances haven’t been in capabilities of the model but more the way that it’s able to be employed (most recently agents).


If you talk to the Chinese models, even super smart Qwen 3.8, you can tell they are distilled just from the verbal ticks they have. Gemini, ChatGPT and Claude do not sound alike. The Chinese models 100% sound like one of the 3, usually Claude. American models are load bearing for this LLM generation seam.


- load bearing -


seams, boundaries, envelopes, etc


> LLM providers can distill all of human output into their models for 'free'

Not sure what part of being charged guilty and paying a fine you see as "free".


That’s definitely my impression of deepseek 0731 after a fair bit of use via ds4, it sounds like Claude.


What an interesting take. One question, do you think stealing from a thief is morally okay? I'm just asking no judgement on my side.


I'd say it's more "Downloading LimeWire Pro from LimeWire" than actual theft.


Why isn’t it more like building a hardware store using lumber you purchased from a competing hardware store? Or founding a school using an education you obtained at a different school?


Because that doesn't satisfy the narrative of American exceptionalism. It's easier to point at something and say it was stolen or copied than it is to compete, especially with the political climate in the US.

This isn't an anti-American sentiment. It is an anti-corporate/regulatory capture/embrace and extinguish sentiment (which probably reads the same to many people these days).


Because the companies did it underhandedly without prior consent? Imagine you walked into a hardware store to grab some lumber, didn't pay for it, and the store had to call the cops to swing around your house? That's hardly the typical shopping experience, now is it?


I think that’s my point: none of those things happened, so on what basis can we claim that it’s like they did. Who has to agree with what you’re doing in order for it not to be considered underhanded?


If the legal system declares the first thief’s theft not theft then all bets are off.


> If the legal system declares the first thief’s theft not theft

But they didn't find it. The Big LLM provider accepted guilt and paid a fine.

You can argue whether it was a fair amount they paid, but there is no legal precedent that was set. It's still considered theft.


As i understand it, they accepted guilt for downloading stuff illegally. They didn’t accept guilt for incorporating all of human output into their model without consent.


Copyright law only considers illegal ownership of a work, so the crime - or tort - was making/acquiring copies without permission or payment.

Training from copies has been ruled fair use because it's "transformative" and not simply "derivative."

This is obviously debatable, but that's where the debate is at the moment.


So basically because they just browsed and used the information that was mostly public on the internet and they didnt copy it, they just learned from it and thats fine. Which makes sense. None of the llms let u copy someones work exactly anyways... makes total sense honestly. So in this case what happens to distilling? Is that also learning or ur trying to get to their actual weights by kind of reverse engineering it? Where would the argument fall there?


> but that's where the debate is at the moment.

Because of the rulings of a couple of judges. Is that actually what the majority of people think?

> Copyright law only considers illegal ownership of a work

That's definitely not true. File sharing, for example, is illegal even if you legally own the original copy you're sharing.

Similarly, copyright has something to say if I read a legal copy of harry potter and then create a new work in that world.


> Because of the rulings of a couple of judges. Is that actually what the majority of people think?

There's a good reason for the law not to be based on what the majority thinks.


If you’re gonna equate copyright law being tied to a majority sense of morality, with some kind of mob rule, ya lost me.

Sure i don’t think the majority get to dictate things like who has rights or who the law applies to. That doesn’t apply here tho.


> They didn’t accept guilt for incorporating all of human output into their model without consent.

Because that use case is actually permitted by law.


I mean... that's one interpretation of the law, sure.

The law was written before the idea of an LLM existed, and some judges in some specific cases decided the previous law covered this usage.

So, it comes down to if you believe a couple judges ruling on a couple cases is the right way to determine a world-altering new legal framework.


> So, it comes down to if you believe a couple judges ruling on a couple cases is the right way to determine a world-altering new legal framework.

It's not an either-or.


Kinda is.


> But they didn't find it. The Big LLM provider accepted guilt and paid a fine.

That's not how it works. You have to give it back.

Otherwise, the distiller can just pay a fine (no larger than the original did) and be okay then, right ?


True. It's the courts that failed humanity. Or perhaps the shits that invented copyright to start


Is it theft if another thief steal's the first thief's theft?


question's phrasing made your judgement obvious


I seriously wasnt judging i maybe shouldve asked llm to frame it better cause i knew it might sound that way, thats why i added: im not judging, merely asking...


I don't think there's a ceiling to LLM capability. I do think that many software dev tasks are just far below that ceiling, and the gains to most dev work won't be that large from now on.

Where the new generation of LLMs (Fable, Sol) shines is tasks that are much harder than typical soft eng, yet that still have a verifiable answer, think mathematical proofs or exploits. I think there's still a good amount of low-hanging fruit in those (and similar) areas.

The next frontier after that is tasks that don't have automatically-verifiable answers, and may not even have correct and incorrect ones in the strictest sense of the word.

Reasonable lawyers might disagree on the question of "which trial strategy do I use given the following set of facts." There are answers that are clearly wrong, but being able to choose between many plausibly-correct ones requires many years of lawyering and seeing many trials play out. I do suspect that most lawyers are far below the ceiling that a hypothetical immortal lawyer that has practiced for an infinite amount of time would have achieved.


Or are humans more of a bottleneck than before, because to improve on the most complex problems that demonstrate intelligence you need some way to verify that they are correct. If it's hard for humans to even know if something is correct, wouldn't that slow everything down and simply put limits on the scaling speed of models based on human verification?

So instead of relying heavily on human bottlenecks, you focus on agentic task verification since that's the low hanging fruit and verifiable at scale?


Very interesting point you make! Before LLMs I had a theory that we cannot make something more intelligent/complex than us.

LLMs are certainly more knowledgable, but maybe not more intelligent, arguably. It's possible we're approacing a ceiling indeed.

Model capability might be on an asymptote appraching but never quite reaching parity with human intelligence.


There are many things that can have some decent level of automatic verification and those were some of the first for LLMs to excel at, like math and programming. Now, physics involves math, but verification would still often require some form of measurement to make sure that the math relates to the real world meaningfully.

Many extended kinds of verification can be done by LLMs, but they need to be able to follow instructions reliably and agentic task orchestration may be critical to that verification process.

There is no doubt they will surpass us as there is a lot of easy to reason about information that they can verify as incrementally proven by other knowledge. The trick is knowing what can be proven with existing knowledge and what needs human evaluation.


Don't say that too loud, you may burst the bubble prematurely.


the ceiling is to eval's quality




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