"Likewise a grandmaster can explain that pawns are valuable in situations like this, or that point to a certain position and say don't do that, etc. To a computer that information is useless, but to a human that's extremely useful. "

I think that the only reason this is true is because, humans, shared the same low (or intermediate in this case) level features of their models of the world and a common language to share them.

Artificial neural networks understanding have evolved along other path, and they probable have another different organization between the different levels, but that doesn't make the fundamental mechanism different.